Voting-machine.



w L W 1 E l S 5 S C m E E D u D 5 E T N E T A P n 2 0% 1 N M E SHE New BAD m E SMm I I DAG Hmw C 10A 0 m VL P P A Christensen @Hicyzmm ammmtoz PATENTED DEC. 5, 1905. G UHFISTENSEN VOTING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23,1902.

No. 806,736. PATENTED DEC. 5, 1905. G. CHRISTENSEN.

VOTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 28,1902.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

75 mmmiioz Christensen ga /24 48 Elam/M1 A; Kid

PATENTED DEC: 5, 1905,

C. CHRISTENSEN.

VOTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 28,1902.

5SHEETSSHEET 4 29 ZE-ufi amvavwoz Ghrist Christensen PATENTED DEC. 5, 1905u s SHEETS-SHEBT 5.

(Jmuewtoz aaf lrist Christensen Gum,

0 CHRISTENSEN VOTING MACHINE APPLIUATION FILED FEB. 28,1902- Fig.6.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHRIST CHRISTENSEN, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE COLUMBIA VOTING MACHINE COMPANY, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, A CORPORATION OF INDIANA.

VOTING- Specification of Letters Patent.

MACHINE.

Patented Dec. 5, 1905.

To all whom it ntay concern:

Be it known that I, CHRIST CHRISTENSEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Indianapolis, in the county of Marion and. State of Indiana, have invented a new and useful Voting-Machine, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in that class of voting-machines in which there is provided a separate key ,for each candidate, a straight-ticket key for eachparty, and an independent-ballot mechanism for the recording of the scattering votes. This invention is a carrying forward of the machine shown and claimed in Patent No. 658,204, issued to me September 18, 1900.

The objects of my invention are to provide improved means for allowing entrance to and exit from the machine, to provide improved interlock operating mechanism, to provide improved mechanism for recording the scattering votes, and to provide such other improvements in details of construction as shall be hereinafter pointed out.

The accompanying drawings illustrate my invention.

Figure 1 is a sectional plan on line 1 1 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a front elevation with the face-plate removed. Fig. 8 is a rear elevation. Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one of the candidateslides and attached interlocking stem. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one of the Yes or No slides. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of one of the independent-ballot slides and attached interlocking stem. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of one of the straight-ticket slides and attached interlocking stem. Fig. 9 is a perspective detail of several series of slides.

In the drawings, indicates the face-plate of an inclosing casing having sides 16. Mounted just inside the face-plate 15 and parallel therewith is a grid 17, provided at each end with projections 18 and 19, respectively, which project through the ends 16 of the casing. Pivoted upon ends 18 so as to swing upon a vertical axis 18 is an entrance-gate 20, to which is secured an arm or cam 21, preferably provided on its periphery with an antifrictionroller 22. Similarly pivoted on an axis 19, carried by ends 19, is an exit-gate 23, to which is secured an arm 24, having an antifriction-roller on its face. The ends of the gates contact with a railing 26, arranged parallel to the face of the machine, and, if desired, may be held normally closed by suitable springs.

Placed parallel with plate 15 at some distance therefrom is a frame composed, preferably, of horizontal bars 27 and vertical bars 28. Piv otally mounted in the face-plate 15 and the vertical bars 28 are voting-keys having cranked or ofiset portions 29, which are arranged in office and party rows and to the outer end of each of which is secured an operating-head 30 and a pointer 31. Secured to the bars 28 is a suitable number of counters 32, one for each voting-key, each counter being of any suitable mechanism to cooperate with the votingkey adjacent and of such character as to register one vote for each revolution of the voting-key. The grid 17 is provided with notches 33, one for each voting-key, a shoulder 34 being thus formed adjacent each voting-key and of such character and arrangement that by turning the voting-key through slightly more than one-half revolution the crank or offset portion thereof will come into engagement with the adjacent shoulder 34, and thus prevent the voter from causing further forward movement of the key. Each notch 33 must be of such length that when placed medially over the axis of its key the key cannot be thrown either into or out of the notch.

Arranged between the grid 17 and the vertical bars 28 is a series of candidate-slides 35, each of which is provided with a pair of transverse arms 36,between which the cranked portion of a voting-key may pass, the opening 37 between'said arms being in length slightly greater than the throw of the crank. Pivoted to the lower end of each slide is an interlocking stem 38, having an enlarged portion 39, which is twisted through ninety degrees, the said portions being all brought into one plane, as clearly shown in Fig. 4. Also mounted in the space between the grid and the vertical bars 28 opposite each vertical row of keys is a Yes or No slide 40, provided with a pair of transverse arms 41, leaving a space 42 therebetween, through which is passed the cranked portion of a voting-key, the said arms 41 being preferably arranged to receive the lowest key ina vertical row. The lower end of slide is turned at right angles to the slide, so as to form a projecting lip 43, the purpose of which will be made to appear.

Each of these slides is also cut away, as at 44,

at their upper ends or made shorter than the candidate-slides for a purpose which will also be made to appear. Also mounted adjacent each vertical row of keys is an independentballot slide 45, provided with a longitudinal slot 46, through which the cranked portion of all of the candidate-keys of the adjacent vertical series may pass. Pivoted to the lower end of each slide 45 is an interlocking stem 47, having an enlarged portion 48, the stem and head being similar to the interlocking stems and heads of the other slides. Slide 45 is provided with a transverse rib 49, which lies normally in engagement with a vertical rib v5O, secured to the inside of the face-plate, the arrangement being such that when slide 45 is moved upward to its highest or voted position rib 49 will spring slightly over the upper end51 of rib 50, and thus hold the slide in its upper position. The upper end of slide 45 is bent at right angles to slide 45, so as to form a lip 52, which extends toward the faceplate.

The face-plate 15 is provided with a series of openings 53, one above each vertical row of candidate-keys. Mounted inside of the face-plate adjacent openings 53 is a series of sliding covers 54, each of which is arranged to normally close its opening 53, each of the slides being provided with a pin or head 55, which projects through the adjacent opening 53 and by means of which the cover may be reciprocated. Mounted inside of the faceplate and inside of the cover-plates close to the lower ends of the openings 53 and extending across all of said openings is a platen 56, and each cover-plate is provided with an opening 57, which lies normally below the lower end of opening 53 and below the lower edge of the platen 56. The lower end of each cover is bent at right angles to its slide, so as to form a lip 58, projecting from the faceplate and beneath the lip 52 of the adjacent independent-ballot slide 45. The upper end of each independent-ballot cover is bent outward to form a lip 59, the purpose of which will appear. Mounted within the casing near its top is a roller 60, provided at one end with an operating-ratchet 61, which is engaged by a pawl 62 to prevent reverse rotation thereof. Journaled below roller 60 is a' supplyroller 63, upon which is carried a web 64, said web being brought forward over platen 56 between said platen and the covers 54 and attached to roller 60. Rollers 60 and 63 and web 64 extend across the entire machine or so much thereof as is provided with the independent-ballot covers, and the web is fed step by step across the platen 56 by means of a pawl 65, which is carried by one arm of a yoke 66, pivoted upon the shaft of roller 60. The intermediate arm of the yoke 66 extends theentire length of the roller 60 and lies normally immediately above the lips 59 of all of the covers 54.

The first vertical row of keys is preferably provided for voting straight tickets, the party rows of keys being arranged horizontal. The candidate-slides already described are identical in each vertical row, the slides in each vertical series differing only in the position of the bars 36 relative to the length of the slide. The straight-ticket slides 67 are similar to the candidate-slides in that each is provided with a pair of transverse bars 36, thus forming a slot 37, within which will lie the cranked portion of one of the straight-ticket keys. Pivoted to the lower end of each one of the straight-ticket slides is an interlocking stem 68, having an enlarged portion 69,'all of which are brought into the plane of the enlarged portions of the other interlocking stems. At its upper end each straight-ticket slide is provided with an inclined slot 70, each of which is adapted to receive a cross-bar 71, which forms a part of an interlocking member composed of longitudinal sides 71 and cross-bars 72, being mounted directly above the upper ends of the candidate-slides 35. The upper ends of the vertical rows of slides lie between stationary guide-bars 74, and the arrangement of the cross-bars 72 is such that when any one of the straight-ticket slides 67 is moved upward the slot 70 thereof will be thrown up so as to receive cross-bar 71 and move the bars 72 over the upper ends of the candidate-slides 45 and into the notch 45 of the independentballot slides. The bars 72 also pass over the ends of the Yes and No slides or into their notches 44, the end of the slide beneath the notch being such, however, to allow a reciprocation of said slide in whatever position the cross-bars 72 may be. The normal positions of the cross-bars 72 of the interlocking member are such that one of said cross-bars lies to one side of each vertical series of slides.

Mounted between each adjacent pair of interlockingstenis is a roller 75, which is carried at the lower end of an arm 76, pivoted at 77, approximately in the plane into which the pivotal point of the interlocking stems will be drawn when any one of the slides is thrown upward into voted position, this construction being that described and claimed in my patent already reterred to.

Mounted in vertical guides in the frame and vertically reciprocable therein is a bar 81, provided with a series of pins 82, one for each vertical series of voting-keys. Each of said pins 82 projects through the entire adjacent series of slides, as shown in Fig. 4, and the bar 81 lies normally (see dotted lines, Fig. 2) at a point low enough to prevent any of the slides from being drawn up to voted position. Bar 81 is provided at each end with an inclined slot 83, one end only being shown, in each of which lies a pin 84, carried by the grid 17, the arrangement being such that when the grid is moved horizontally in the casing bar 81 will be moved vertically. Secured to yoke 66 is one end of a link 85, the opposite end of which is provided with an eye 85, in which lies a pin 85, carried by bar 81, the arrangement being such that bar 81 may have a limited movement without affecting the yoke. By this arrangement a flexible connection is formed between the yoke and bar, so that no movement of web 64 is made unless the yoke 66 be first moved by one of the independent-ballot covers.

The Yes and No slides are arranged alternately, and in order to form a positive interlock between each bar I pivot to the lower frame bar 27 between each pair of slides an arrow-headed latch 86, the point of which is of less width than the distance be tween the adjacent end of the lips T3 of adjacent slides, the latch hanging normally, so that its tip lies above said lips and directly in line with the space between the adjacent ends thereof, the arrangement being such that as soon as either slide is moved upward its lip &3 will engage the adjacent edge of the latch and swing it, so as to turn its tip immediately above the lip of the adjacent slide, and thus prevent its operation.

In operation the grid 17 lies normally in the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2, gates 20 and 23 being then in the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1. In this position the openings 33 of grid 17 he out of line with the cranked portions of the votingkey-s, and all of the keys and the independentballot slide covers are positively locked against manipulation by pins 82, which are in their lowest positions, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 2. The voter enters the booth formed by the machine, gates 20 and 23, and railing 26 by swinging gate 20 to a position A. (Shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1.) The gate in being swung to this position brings roller 22 into engagement with the side of the casing and shifts the grid 17 bodily to the position shown in full lines in Fig. 2, bringing the notches 33 in grid in alinement with the keys and shoulder 34 to a point which will prevent the keys from being turned but a trifle more than through a half-revolution. This movement of the grid also shifts pins 84: in slots 83, so as to raise bar 81 and withdraw pins 82 from engagement with the various vertical slides. In this position every key in the machine and all of the independent slides are locked, and if the voter desires to vote a straight ticket he turns his partystraight-ticket key through half a revolution, thus throwing the cranked portion of the operating-key upward and over against the corresponding shoulder 34 of the grid, the cranked slide causing the slot to receive the crossbar 71 and shift the cross-bars 72 over the upper ends of all of the candidate-keys and into the notches 45 of the independent slides, thus preventing the manipulation of any of the candidate-keys or independent-ballot covers. Such movement of the bars 72 does not, however, prevent the manipulation of any of the Yes and No keys for the reason that the slides pertaining to these keys are shorter and are not engaged by the cross-bars.

If the voter desires to vote a mixed ticket instead of a straight ticket, he operates the corresponding candidate-keys, each key shifting its slide upward, so as to bring the end of its slide in front of the adjacent cross-bar 72, so as to prevent any movement of the inter locking member, thus preventing a manipulation of any straight-ticket key so long as any candidate-key is in a voted position. The manipulation of more than one key in any particular row is prevented by the interlocking stems in the manner set forth in my prior patent.

As in my prior construction, every voted key remains under entire control of the operator until he starts to leave the booth, so that any key which has been thrown to a voted position may be retracted and any other key in the same series or group operated in its stead. If the voter desires to vote an independent ballot for any particular candidate, however, he must not be allowed to retract or attempt to retract such vote. I have therefore provided an independent-ballot slide for each vertical series of keys, and the opening 57 in each slide is of such dimensions as to allow the writing of but a single name upon that portion of the web 64: exposed thereby.

1n registering an independent ballot the voter grasps the proper pin 55 and raises the cover 54, to which it is attached, thereby bringing the opening 57 opposite the platen 56 and exposing a portion of the web 6 1. This movement of the cover brings its lip 58 into engagement with the adjacent lip 52, so as to raise the corresponding independent slide 45, the rib 49 thereof engaging the shoulder 51 of rib 50 of the frame and holding the slide 5 up in voted position, thus passing said slide absolutely beyond further control of the voter and maintaining the thickened portion of its interlocking stem between the rollers 75. The

upward movement of any cover 5 brings its lip 59 into engagement with the yoke 66, so as to swing said yoke about its pivot, picking up the slack in link 95 and carrying pawl 65 around ratchet 61 a desired number of teeth.

The Yes and No keys are always free of the other keys and are operated and interlocked in the manner already described.

portion of the key passing slightly beyond 1 corresponding slide 67, the movement of said hen the voter leaves the booth, he swings door 23 so as to bring roller. 25 into engagement with the casing and shift the grid 17 bodily to its normal position, the movement of said grid shifting notches 33 out of alinement with the keys and causing a dowi'iward movement of the bar 81 with pins 82, thereby positively returning all of the operated slides. The downward movement of bar 81 also returns yoke 66 to its normal position and advances rollers 60 so as to advance the web 64, no advancement of the web taking place unless one or more of the independent ballotcovers have been operated.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a voting-machine, the combination with the casing, of a plurality of voting-keys mounted therein, means for locking an d releasing the keys, a gate carried by said means, and means carried by the gate for engaging the casing and shifting said locking means in the casing.

2. In a voting-machine, the combination with the casing, of a plurality of voting-keys mounted therein, means for locking and releasing the keys, a pair of gates carried by said means, and means carried by each of said gates for engaging the casing and thereby shifting said locking means into and out of locking position.

3. In a voting-machine, the combination With a plurality of voting-keys, of means for locking and releasing said keys, a gate carried by said means, and means cooperating With the gate for causing a movement of the said locking and releasing means when the gate is operated.

4. In a voting-machine, the combination With a plurality of voting-keys, of means for locking and releasing said keys, a pair of axes carried by said means, a pair of gates carried upon said axes, and means cooperating with said gates for causing a reciprocation of said locking and releasing means when the gates are operated.

5. In a voting-machine, the combination with a plurality of voting-keys, of agrid-provided means for locking and releasing said keys, a pair of gates carried by said grid, and means cooperating with said gates causing a reciprocation of said grid when the gates are operated.

6. In a voting-machine, the combination with a suitable casing, of a plurality of voting keys, mounted therein, a grid provided with means for locking and releasing said keys, a pair of gates carried by said grid, and a cam carried by each gate and adapted to engage the casing, whereby the grid will be reciprocated upon operation of the gates.

7. In a voting-machine, the combination with a plurality of series of rotatable votingkeys each having a cranked portion, of a grid through Which said cranked portions pass, said grid being provided with notches into which the said cranked portions may be thrown, a pair of gates pivoted one upon each end of the grid, and means carried by said gates for shifting said grid transversely of the keys when the gates are swung.

8. In a voting-machine, the combination with the casing, of a plurality of series of rotatable voting-keys each having a cranked portion, a grid through which the said cranked portions of the keys pass, said grid being provided with notches into which the cranked portions of the keys may be thrown, a pair of gates pivoted one upon each end of said grid, and a cam carried by each gate and adapted to engage the casin g whereby a movement of the gates will operate to shift the grid transversely of the keys.

9. In a voting-machine, the combination with a series of rotatable votingkcys, each having a cranked portion, of a grid through which said cranked portions pass, said grid having notches into which the said cranked portions may be thrown, a series of slides each engaged by the cranked portion of a key and movable transversely of the keys and transversely of the grid, interlocking mechanism between the slides, a bar adapted to engage the slides, means for shifting the grid transversely of the keys, and means for shifting the bar transversely of the grid.

10. In a voting-machine, the combination with a casing, of a plurality of rotatable voting-keys each having a cranked portion, a plurality of slides each of which is positively engaged by the cranked portion of a key and each of which is provided with a longitudinal slot, interlocking mechanism between said slides, a grid through which the cranked portions of the keys are passed, said grid being provided with a plurality of notches into each of which may be thrown the cranked portion of a key, means for shifting said grid transversely of the keys, a bar provided with a finger projecting through the slots of the slides, and intermediate connections between said bar and the grid whereby a movement of the grid will cause a movement of the bar transversely of the grid.

11. In a voting-machine, the combination with the casing, of a plurality of series of ro tatable voting-keys each having a cranked portion, a plurality of series of slides each of which is positively engaged by the cranked portion of a key and each of which is pro vided with a longitudinal slot, interlocking mechanism between said slides, a grid through which the cranked portions of the keys are passed, said grid being provided with a plurality of notches into each of which may be thrown the cranked portion of a key, means for shifting the grid transversely of the keys, at bar provided with a plurality of lingers each projecting through the slots of all of the series of slides, and means for shifting said bar.

12. In a voting-machine, the combination with the casing, of a plurality of rotatable voting-keys each having a cranked portion, a

plurality of slides each of which is positively engaged by the cranked portion of a key and each of which is provided with a longitudinal slot, interlocking mechanism between said slides, a grid through which the cranked portions of the keys are passed, said grid being provided with a plurality of notches into each of which may be thrown the cranked portion of a key, a pair of gates one pivoted upon each end of the grid, means carried by said gates for shifting the grid transversely of the keys, a bar provided with a finger adapted to enter the slots of the slides, and means "for shifting the said bar.

13. In a voting-machine, the combination with the casing, of a plurality of series of rotatable voting-keys each having a cranked portion, a plurality of series of slides each of which is positively engaged by the cranked portion of a key and each of which is provided with a longitudinal slot, interlocking mechanism between said slides, a grid through which the cranked portion of the ends are passed, said grid being provided with a plurality of notches into each of which may be thrown the cranked portion of a key, means for shifting said grid transversely of the keys, a bar provided with a series of fingers each projecting through the slots of a series of slides, intermediate connections between said bar and the grid whereby a movement of the grid will cause a movement of the bar transversely of the grid, a pair of gates one pivoted upon each end of the grid, and means carried by said gates for shifting the grid transversely of the keys.

14. In a voting-machine, the combination with a plurality of series of rotatable votingkeys, of a plurality of series of candidate-slides each positively engaged by a key, a series of straight-ticket slides, a series of cross-bars arranged one adjacent the forward end of each series of candidate-slid es, and means car-' ried by each of the straight-ticket slides for shifting said cross-bars into and out of line with the candidate-slides substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

15. In a voting-machine, the combination with an independent-ballot web, of a coverplate normally covering said web, a series of candidate-keys, a series of slides, one for each candidate-key and each engaged by one of said keys so that it may be moved thereby both into and out of voted position, an independ ent-ballot slide, intermediate connections between said independent-ballot slide and the cover-plate whereby a movement of the cover can move the independent slide into voted position only, a rib carried by the independentballot slide, a corresponding stationary rib over which the slide-rib may be sprung as the slide passes to voted position, interlocking mechanism between the several slides, and means for returning the several slides to normal position.

16. In a voting-machine, the combination with a plurality of series of rotatable votingkeys, each having a cranked portion, of a plurality of candidate-slides each engaged by the cranked portion of a key, one or more independent slides each arranged in alinement with a series of candidate-slides, a record-receiving web arranged transversely of said in dependent slide, a series of cover-plates one for each independent slide and each engaging its slide in one direction only, means for eX- posing a portion of the web when any cover is carried to voted position,interlocking mechanism between the several slides, a grid through which the cranked portions of the keys pass, said grid having a series of notches into each of which may be thrown the cranked portion of a key, means for shifting said grid transversely of the keys and slides, a bar adapted to engage the slides, means for shifting said bar transversely of the grid, and means for advancing the record-receiving web.

17. In a voting-machine the combination with a plurality of candidate-keys each having a cranked portion, of a series of slides each positively engaged by the cranked portion of a key, one or more independent slides each arranged in conjunction with a series of candidate-slides, a record-receiving web, a pair of rollers upon which said'web is carried, a series of cover-plates one for each independent slide and each normally covering a portion of said web, means carried by each cover-plate for engaging its independent slide in one direction only, an arm arranged to be engaged by any one of the cover-plates, means carried by said arm for advancing the web, a bar adapted to engage all of the said slides, a flexible connection between said bar and arm, a grid through which the cranked portions of the keys are passed, the said grid having a series of notches into which may be thrown the cranked portion of a key, means for shifting said grid transversely of the keys and slides, and means carried by the grid for shifting the bar.

18. In a voting-machine, the combination with a plurality of candidate-keys each having a cranked portion, of a series of slides each positively engaged by the cranked portion of a key, one or more independent slides each arranged in conjunction with a series of candidate-slides, a record-receiving web, a pair of rollers upon which said web is carried, a series of cover-plates one for each independent slide and each normally covering a portion of said web, means carried by each coverplate for engaging its independent slide in one direction only. an arm arranged to be engaged by any one of the cover-plates, means carried by said arm for advancing the web, a bar adapted to engage all of the said slides, a flexible connection between said bar and arm, a grid through which the cranked portions of the keys are passed, the said grid having a series of notches into each of which may be thrown the cranked portion of a key, a pair of gates pivoted one to each end of the grid, a cam carried by each gate and adapted to engage a stationary portion of the machine, the arrangement being such that, when the gates are swung, the grid will be shifted transversely of the keys, and intermediate connections between the grid and bar for shifting the bar transversely of the grid.

19. In a voting-machine, the combination, with a series of rotatable voting-keys, each having an eccentric portion, of a grid through which said eccentric portions pass, said grid having a series of notches into which the said eccentric portions may be thrown, a series of slides each engaged by the eccentric portion of a key and movable transversely of the keys and transversely of the grid, interlocking mechanism between the keys, means independent of the keys for shifting said slides transversely of the keys, and means for shifting the grid transversely of the keys.

20. In a voting-machine, the combination, with a series of rotatable voting-keys each having an eccentric portion, of a series of slides, one for each key, each engaged and moved by the eccentric portion of a key, means independent of the keys for moving said slides transversely of the keys, and other means for engaging the keys and turning them through a portion of a revolution.

21. In a voting-machine, the combination with a plurality of rotatable keys each of which may be partially turned by a voter, of driving means independent of the keys into the path of which the voting-keys may be turned by the voter, and means for shifting said driving means to continue the rotation of the voted keys.

22. In a voting-machine, the combination, with a plurality of completely-rotatable voting keys, of interlocking mechanism controlled by said keys, means permitting a limited angular movement of said keys by the voter, and means independent of the interlocking mechanism for engaging the voted keys and producing further movement thereof.

23. In a voting-machine, the combination, with a plurality of completely-rotatable voting-keys, of interlocking mechanism controlled by said keys, means permitting a limited angular movement of said keys by the voter, means independent of the interlocking mechanism for engaging the voted keys and producing further movement thereof, and means operating as a barrier for operating said last-mentioned engaging means.

24:. The combination, in a voting-machine, ofaseriesofcompletely-rotatablevoting-keys, having eccentric portions, freely movable into and out of voted position, a bar having recesses therein, each of said voting-keys being movable to bring its eccentric portion into the corresponding recesses in said bar, means for limiting the further forward movement of said key, means operated by the exit of the voter to cause movement of the bar to en gage the eccentric portions of the voted keys and continue the voting rotation thereof, and registering devices, one for each voting-key, each operated by a complete rotation of its key.

CHRIS CHRISTEN SEN WVi tnesses:

ARTHUR M. H001), BERTHA M. BALLARD. 

